What did Adventist church leaders, including co-founders James and Ellen White, along with Joseph Bates, do and say as they wrestled with thorny issues of their day? How did they, along with other early pioneers, seek to address the needs of their community?
These were among the questions at the heart of the two-day Lake Union Conference Public Affairs and Religious Liberty (PARL) summit held April 5-6, 2024, at Battle Creek’s Historic Adventist Village, under the banner “Early Pioneers and Civic Engagement.”
On Saturday (Sabbath) morning, Dwight Nelson, former longtime pastor of the Pioneer Memorial Church on the campus of Andrews University, laid out a meticulous case by skillfully connecting Scripture, church pioneers, and America’s problematic history and future. As he stood in the pulpit of the second meeting house, the building where the name “Seventh-day Adventist” was selected in 1860 as the official name of the church, he shared three convictions on his heart: “Number one, we are living on the edge of eternity; number two, Jesus is coming soon; and number three, America is in trouble—big trouble.”
The Root of America’s Problem
Last Thanksgiving, Nelson said, he had some friends over for dinner, and as the food was being passed he asked his guests what they thought America would be like by next Thanksgiving.
“The moment I say that, there’s just this groan.” Why? “We are politically fractured. We are racially fractured. We are spiritually, socially, culturally fractured. We are fractured to the core.”
And, this fracture springs forth from America’s history with slavery.
Nelson said that three weeks earlier he came across a discovery in Revelation 18. “Why hadn’t I seen this before?” he asked. The angel proceeds to warn of a fallen Babylon where no one will buy the merchandise. Verse 13 lists several commodities, including metals, precious stones, fine linens, and fragrant oils, and ends with human beings sold as slaves. “Babylon has been dealing with the slavery of human souls,” he concluded.
He further described that Revelation 13 illustrates that “America is in bed with Babylon.” One clue is the wounded dragon described in the Bible as having two horns like a lamb and speaking like a dragon. “I used to think, it’s a little lambie here, and then it becomes like a dragon here,” he said. “Now I realize it was dragon from the beginning. This whole slavery wound is because it was dragon from the beginning.”
Christian Nationalism
For those who think slavery is in the past, Nelson pointed out that the root of slavery is still very much alive and well in America today.
“Ever heard of Christian nationalism?” he asked. Christian nationalism is described as a growing movement of American evangelicals seeking to take control of American politics so they can advance their own political and spiritual agenda.
A survey conducted by the Public Research Institute and the Brookings Institute found that two-thirds of white evangelicals supported or were sympathetic to Christian nationalism. They were in favor of the government declaring Christianity as the state religion and felt God has called Christians to exercise dominion over all areas of society. Nearly 90 percent of white adherents to Christian nationalism agreed that God intended America to be a new promised land run by European Christians. “That’s about as racial and racist as you can get,” Nelson asserted.
“God raised up America,” Nelson said, “but the founding fathers never intended to create a Christian nation. The fact of the matter is that God raised up this land to be a safe haven where church and state could be kept apart, where no king can rule the church and no pope can rule the nation.”
Spirit of the Pioneers
While Christian nationalism reflects a distorted image of Jesus, believers can’t afford to watch what’s happening around them in silence. “We have to reach America before they do,” he implored the audience. “What we do is find the people who are suffering, we find the disenfranchised, the marginalized, and the alienated. We find them and we love on ’em.”
Nelson said it’s worth noting that the early pioneers addressed the issues of their day head on.
Meanwhile, Uriah Smith, editor of the Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, in 1862 spoke out against slavery when he described “the whitewashed villainy of many of the pulpits of our land and the strenuous efforts put forth to foster and extend this diabolical system.” James White in the Review pointed out that slavery is one of the darkest and most damning sins of this nation. Nelson stressed, “They weren’t afraid about writing this and publishing it for the whole America to read.”
Speaking out for justice may have consequences and it may cost you your life, as it did Jesus on Calvary, Nelson said. “So what?” he asked. “Why not die for something that’s worth dying for instead of living for the paltry visions and dreams that are dying on the vine in our own hearts and lives?
“This is the perfect chance for us and this union to model race, the ethnic groups, blacks, whites, browns, yellows, coming together to do the work together. This is our chance. This is our moment.”
Radical Rebels
The moment for Adventists to shine has been long in the making, according to Kevin Burton, director for the Center for Adventist Research, located on the campus of Andrews University.
Burton’s hard-hitting exposé on the activism of Adventist pioneers dovetailed Nelson’s presentation, despite neither of them knowing what the other was going to discuss in advance.
The issue of slavery cannot be ignored, according to Burton. Between 1619 and 1865, an estimated 10 million slaves came to the United States. They contributed 410 billion hours of free labor.
Many Christians were slaveholders, believing it was not a sin. Once slavery was abolished in 1865, the U.S. entered the Jim Crow era, which meant racial segregation. The majority of the U.S. population, many of them professed Christians, were silent on these issues. Their rationale was that abolition and segregation were dividing the church and they counseled members, “Don’t get involved with politics, don’t jeopardize the mission of the church. Focus on saving souls.”
In rapid-fire succession, Burton unleashed information detailing the pioneers’ refusal to remain silent and on the sidelines. They signed petitions to abolish slavery, dismantle the death penalty, and eradicate the ban on interracial marriage. They also joined boycotts and pushed for blacks to have the right to vote.
Burton outlined the rise in 1840 of a political party called the Liberty Party. The party had a platform of two items: immediate and complete abolition of slavery and equal rights for blacks. The party was composed of 10- to 20-percent Adventists. “I think that number is fairly conservative, since I’m basing it off one of the weaker states in the Liberty Party’s history,” Burton explained. Of note, several of the party’s leaders were Millerites, followers of William Miller, who sparked the beginnings of the Adventist Church.
Early pioneers were very active publishing and advocating to change racist policies, as they preached the second coming of Christ. They felt, said Burton, “if you believe Christ is coming soon, if you believe heaven is going to be an integrated place—which most Christians thought it would be segregated—then you better believe that and live that right now to prepare for the coming of Christ.”
This was also precisely the argument put forth by Michael Campbell, director of Archives, Statistics and Research at the North American Division. He said his extensive studies of the pioneers revealed they were active participants working with a sense of urgency. “One thing [that] kept continually coming through to me is that our pioneers did not just lackadaisically sit on the sidelines and see what happen[ed] around them,” he said. “They were active and involved in their world.”
What was happening around them—the environment, signs in the heavens—presented opportunities to mingle and discuss the Bible with their neighbors. These early believers were also willing to travel to the ends of the earth to spread the gospel with a sense of zeal. A letter from James White in 1843 read, “God forbit that I should fold my arms in lazy lock while sinners are sinking to eternal night.”
What We Can Do
For many members, their first impression of the Public Affairs and Religious Liberty department of the church is one focused on Sabbath accommodation and religious liberty. But Orlan Johnson, PARL director for the North American Division, clarified that the “Public Affairs” side—letting the community know about Adventists—is just as critical. “If you do the public affairs in an effective way, religious liberty becomes easier to do,” he said.
Public affairs means “making friends before we need them,” Johnson said. As we seek to win friends, he said, our first act is to give. “Your first relationship cannot be to ask,” he counseled. “Your relationship has to be offering a gift. Establish yourself as a giver.”
Debbie Michel is editor of the Lake Union Herald.
